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Histosols are potentially important in the global carbon cycle, since they show significant carbon accumulation. Variations in Histosol features may influence both vegetation types and carbon storage amounts and rates. In this paper, we compare Histosols of the Lower Orinoco River Delta by examining relationships among the vegetation communities they maintain and differences among organic and mineral...
The fractionation of H isotopes in global precipitation leads to a continuous decrease in 2 H concentrations of precipitation with increasing latitude, altitude and continentality. Thus, the local precipitation, soil and ground water used by plants for photosynthesis or consumed during neoformation of pedogenic clay minerals often have a spatially diagnostic δ 2 H value. We hypothesize...
A new sequential extraction scheme for acid sulfate soil materials has been evaluated for iron partitioning in a range of synthetic iron-bearing minerals and natural acid sulfate soil materials. This sequential extraction procedure employs six steps to quantify (1) exchangeable (magnesium chloride extractable), (2) acid (hydrochloric acid) soluble, (3) reactive organic-bound (pyrophosphate extractable),...
Emissions from primary and secondary lead (Pb) smelters are responsible for high concentrations of metallic contaminants (Pb, Cd and Zn) in soils. However, less attention has been paid to volatile metalloids, such as antimony (Sb), which accompanies Pb smelting activities. This paper is focused on geochemistry of Sb in the forest and agricultural soils in the vicinity of the Příbram Pb smelter (Czech...
In digital soil mapping the spatial distribution of soil classes or properties is quantified by formulating empirical spatial or non-spatial soil inference systems between soil observations and spatially referenced environmental covariates. Uncertainty about the location of soil samples, however, will inflate the uncertainty in these predictive relationships. In this study we demonstrate the influence...
When describing soil variability of a given area, pedodiversity measures are used as an integrative index for soil information and comparative diversity analyses. This paper compares different methods to derive pedodiversity indices based on a consistent data set of field and laboratory soil data of 16 dryland areas (1 km 2 each) in southern Africa.Three approaches to quantify pedodiversity...
Soil organic carbon (OC) stocks are highly variable in space. This study aimed at analysing regional soil OC stock variability with direct measurements of OC stocks at 89 sampling points distributed across a forested area (160km −2 ) of the Hainich region in Thuringia/Germany. We sampled complete soil profiles by horizons and depth increments. The major goal of this study was the analysis...
Knowledge on soil pore geometry is important for understanding soil processes as it controls the movement and storage of fluids on various scales. With the advent of modern non-destructive tomography techniques there have been many attempts made to analyze pore space features mainly concentrating on the visualization of soil structure. Multifractal formalism or the wavelet transform has been revealed...
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of various sedimentation pathways (flooding, irrigation and runoff) on the spatial variability of soil fertility in rice paddy terraces in tropical mountainous regions of Northwest Vietnam. Topsoil samples were taken during two subsequent rice cropping seasons and analyzed using a combination of diffuse reflectance mid infrared spectroscopy and conventional...
Development of an appropriate scheme to accurately sample root biomass is essential for accurate estimation of biomass and carbon budget of grassland. This study evaluated measurement accuracy of the monolith and core methods with different sample sizes and positions in a temperate grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, China. The results indicated that the small core method (3.8-cm-diameter) significantly...
Fuzzy membership function is an effective tool to represent relationship between soil and environment for predictive soil mapping. Usually construction of a fuzzy membership function requires knowledge on soil-landscape relationships obtained from local soil experts or from extensive field samples. For areas with no soil survey experts and no extensive soil field observations, a purposive sampling...
Natural and prescribed fires (including site preparation burning) are common in pine and mixed-pine forests in the southeastern USA. The present high fuel load condition of many forests has renewed concerns about the effects of hot fires on soil nutrients and on nonpoint sources of pollution [i.e. sediments and phosphorus (P)]. Variation in temperature and velocity of fire due to unequal fuel loading...
Soil organic matter characteristics in extremely water-repellent soils developed under forests of Pinus pinaster and Eucalyptus globulus in Galicia (Northwestern Spain) were analyzed with special emphasis paid in lipid and humic acid fractions. A total of sixteen soils were studied including Leptic Regosols and Leptic Umbrisols developed on granites and schists, and showing extreme water repellency:...
Soil classification systems are not consistent between countries or organizations thereby hindering the communication and organizational functions they are intended to promote. World Reference Base for soil resources (WRB) was endorsed and adopted by the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS) as the standard for soil correlation and international communication. As a widely used classification...
The characteristic feature of the Prairie Pothole Region is a complex assemblage of mineral soil wetlands embedded in the dominantly agricultural landscape. Soils in these wetlands are loci of high potential greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and our objective was to provide estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and the controls on these emissions for typical wetlands of this region. Three years (2004–06)...
It is well known that termites enrich organic matter in their nests and alter its properties, but their influence on phosphorus forms is less clear. The aim of our study was to quantify and systemize phosphorus forms in different nest parts (outer wall, inner wall, and central part) of termites of varying feeding guilds and soils in seven dominant Brazilian ecosystems. Organic (P o ) and inorganic...
One of the most important challenges of digital soil mapping is the development of methods that allow the characterisation of large areas with a high-resolution. Surface soils, forming the largest pool of terrestrial organic carbon, may be able to sequester atmospheric carbon and thus mitigate climate change. However, this remains controversial, largely due to insufficient information on SOC stocks...
Much attention has been paid to sampling design optimization over the past decades. Many methods have been developed and applied, but only a few of these deal with simultaneous optimization of the sampling design for multiple soil variables. In this paper we present a method implemented as R-code that minimizes the average kriging variance (AKV) for multiple soil variables simultaneously. The method...
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